![]() The spectrum with momentum span Γ M ¯ is recorded by a hemispherical electron analyzer. ![]() ( C) Angle-resolved photoelectron spectrometer (ARPES) spectrum of Cu(111) excited by the circularly polarized HHG. ![]() The 13th and 16th harmonic orders are RCP, and the 14th and 17th orders are LCP. ( B) Circularly polarized HHG spectrum recorded by an EUV spectrometer. In experiments, the orientation of the circular HHG field can be rotated by adjusting the temporal delay between the ω and 2ω driving fields τ RB. Here, a specific geometry is plotted for illustration, where the ŷ-pol component of circular HHG field is aligned with the normal direction of sample ( n ^). The generated circular HHG and a time-delayed linearly polarized 780-nm dressing field are focused onto a clean Cu(111) surface. ( A) Counter-rotating ω and 2ω beams from a Ti/Sapphire laser are focused into an Ar-filled hollow waveguide. High-harmonic generation, frequency conversion attosecond metrology circular harmonic generation. Utilizing the polarization selectivity of the solid surface and by rotating the circularly polarized EUV field in space, we fully retrieve the amplitude and phase of the circularly polarized harmonics, allowing us to reconstruct one of the most complex coherent light fields produced to date. The resulting temporal modulation of the photoelectron spectra carries essential phase information about the EUV field. We extend attosecond metrology techniques to circularly polarized light by simultaneously irradiating a copper surface with circularly polarized high-harmonic and linearly polarized infrared laser fields. Although the resulting circularly polarized harmonics consist of relatively simple pairs of peaks in the spectral domain, in the time domain, the field is predicted to emerge as a complex series of rotating linearly polarized bursts, varying rapidly in amplitude, frequency, and polarization. Bright, circularly polarized, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray high-harmonic beams can now be produced using counter-rotating circularly polarized driving laser fields.
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